Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, which supersedes the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, filing a First Information Report (FIR) has become more streamlined. The BNSS introduces the concept of a Zero FIR, allowing the registration of cognizable offences regardless of where they occur. Information can be provided orally or electronically to the Station House Officer (SHO).
Section 173 of the BNSS also envisions e-FIR filing when information is received digitally. Additionally, it permits preliminary enquiries for offences punishable by 3 to less than 7 years. With prior approval from the concerned Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) and considering the nature of the crime, the SHO may conduct a preliminary investigation within 14 days to determine if a prima facie offence exists.